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India vs Pakistan: War, Consequences, and the Elusive Peace The India-Pakistan rivalry is one of the most enduring and volatile in modern history. Born from the bloody Partition of 1947, the two nations have fought multiple wars, endured decades of hostility, and navigated the ever-present shadow of nuclear conflict. While the guns have often fallen silent, peace remains fragile and elusive. The Four Major Wars 1947–48: The First Kashmir War Just months after independence, India and Pakistan went to war over the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir. Pakistan backed tribal militias to seize the Muslim-majority region, while India responded militarily after the Maharaja acceded to India. The war ended in 1949 with a UN-mediated ceasefire, splitting Kashmir into parts administered by each country. But the root cause—the status of Kashmir—remained unresolved. 1965: The Second Kashmir War Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, infiltrating forces into Indian Kashmir to incite rebellion. Ind...